Izidingo ezikhethekile zokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kumaphampu zimi kanje.
(1) Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo yamakhemikhali
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, iphampu ayidlali nje indima yokudlulisa izinto, kodwa futhi inikeza uhlelo ngenani elidingekayo lezinto zokulinganisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali futhi lihlangabezane nengcindezi edingwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi isikali sokukhiqiza sihlala singashintshiwe, ukugeleza nenhloko yepompo kuzozinza ngokuqhathaniswa.Uma ukukhiqizwa kushintshashintsha ngenxa yezinto ezithile, ukugeleza nokucindezela kokuphuma kwepompo nakho kungashintsha ngokufanele, futhi iphampu isebenza kahle kakhulu.
(2) Ukumelana nokugqwala
Indlela edluliswa ngamaphampu amakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa izinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo, idla kakhulu.Uma impahla yepompo ikhethwe ngendlela engafanele, izingxenye zizogqwala futhi zingavumelekile lapho iphampu isebenza, futhi iphampu ayikwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza.
Kweminye imithombo yezindaba ewuketshezi, uma ingekho impahla yensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala efanelekile, izinto ezingezona ezensimbi zingasetshenziswa, njengephampu ye-ceramic, iphampu yepulasitiki, iphampu yerabha enomugqa wenjoloba, njll. Amapulasitiki anokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okungcono kunezinto zensimbi.
Lapho ukhetha izinto zokwakha, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, kodwa futhi nezakhiwo zayo zemishini, umshini kanye nentengo.
(3) Ukushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme eliphathwa ngephampu yamakhemikhali ngokuvamile lingahlukaniswa libe uketshezi oluyinqubo kanye noketshezi oluthwala ukushisa.Uketshezi lwenqubo lubhekisela oketshezini olusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni nasekuthuthweni kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.Uketshezi oluthwala ukushisa lubhekisela oketshezini oluphakathi nendawo oluthwala ukushisa.Lezi ziphuzo eziphakathi nendawo, kumjikelezo ovaliwe, zisakazwa umsebenzi wepompo, zishiswa isithando sokushisa ukuze zikhulise izinga lokushisa loketshezi oluphakathi, bese zisakazwa embhoshongweni ukuze zinikeze ukushisa ngokungaqondile ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali.
Amanzi, uwoyela udizili, uwoyela ongahluziwe, umthofu wensimbi oncibilikisiwe, i-mercury, njll. kungasetshenziswa njengoketshezi oluthwala ukushisa.Izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu eliphathwa ngephampu yamakhemikhali lingafinyelela ku-900 ℃.
Kukhona futhi izinhlobo eziningi zemidiya ye-cryogenic ephonswa amaphampu amakhemikhali, njenge-liquid oxygen, i-liquid nitrogen, i-liquid argon, i-liquid gas yemvelo, i-liquid hydrogen, i-methane, i-ethylene, njll. Izinga lokushisa lale midiya liphansi kakhulu, isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lomoya-mpilo ompontshwayo licishe libe ngu-183 ℃.
Njengepompo yamakhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya ephezulu yokushisa kanye ne-low-temperature, izinto zayo kufanele zibe namandla okwanele nokuzinza ekamelweni lokushisa elivamile, izinga lokushisa lesayithi kanye nokushisa kokugcina kokulethwa.Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi zonke izingxenye zephampu zingakwazi ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kanye nomphumela wokwanda okuhlukile kokushisa kanye nezingozi ezibandayo ezibandayo.
Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ipompo iyadingeka ukuthi ifakwe ubakaki ophakathi nendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imigqa ye-eksisi yesiguquli esiyinhloko kanye nepompo zihlala zigxile.
Ishaft emaphakathi nesivikelo sokushisa kuzofakwa kumaphampu asezingeni eliphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, noma ukuvimbela izakhiwo ezingokoqobo zemidiya ehanjiswayo ekushintsheni ngemva kwenani elikhulu lokulahlekelwa ukushisa (njengokungathi i-viscosity izokwanda uma uwoyela osindayo uthuthwa ngaphandle kokugcinwa kokushisa), ungqimba oluvikelayo kufanele lube. ibekwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi lephampu.
Isisetshenziswa esiwuketshezi esilethwa iphampu ye-cryogenic ngokuvamile sisesimweni sokugcwala.Uma selimunca ukushisa kwangaphandle, lizohwamuka ngokushesha, kwenze iphampu ingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile.Lokhu kudinga izinyathelo zokushisa eziphansi zokushisa kugobolondo lepompo le-cryogenic.I-perlite enwetshiwe ivame ukusetshenziswa njengento yokushisa ephansi yokushisa.
(4) Ukumelana nokugqoka
Ukuguga kwamaphampu amakhemikhali kubangelwa izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe ekuhambeni koketshezi olunesivinini esikhulu.Ukuhuzuka nokulimala kwamaphampu amakhemikhali kuvame ukubhebhethekisa ukugqwala okumaphakathi.Ngenxa yokuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinsimbi eziningi nama-alloys kuncike kwifilimu ye-passivation ebusweni, uma ifilimu ye-passivation isigugile, insimbi izoba sesimweni sokusebenza, futhi ukugqwala kuzowohloka ngokushesha.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwamaphampu amakhemikhali: enye iwukusebenzisa izinto eziqinile, ezivame ukubola zensimbi, njenge-silicon cast iron;Okunye ukuvala ingxenye engaphakathi yepompo kanye ne-impeller ngolwelwesi lwerabha oluthambile.Isibonelo, kumaphampu amakhemikhali ane-abrasiveness ephezulu, njenge-alum ore slurry esetshenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ezingavuthiwe zomanyolo we-potassium, insimbi ye-manganese kanye nolwelwesi lwe-ceramic kungasetshenziswa njengezinto zokupompa.
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-impeller evulekile ingasetshenziswa ukuthutha uketshezi olubi.Igobolondo lepompo elibushelelezi kanye nephaseji lokugeleza kwe-impeller nakho kuhle ekuqiniseni ukugqokwa kwamaphampu amakhemikhali.
(5) Akukho noma ukuvuza okuncane
Iningi lemithombo yezindaba ewuketshezi ethuthwa ngamaphampu amakhemikhali iyavutha, iyaqhuma futhi inobuthi;Eminye imidiya iqukethe izinto ezinomsakazo.Uma lezi zindlela zokuxhumana zivuza emkhathini zisuka epompo, zingadala umlilo noma zithinte impilo yemvelo futhi zilimaze umzimba womuntu.Eminye imidiya iyabiza, futhi ukuvuza kuzodala imfucuza enkulu.Ngakho-ke, amaphampu amakhemikhali adingeka ukuthi angabi nokuvuza noma okuncane, okudinga umsebenzi ku-shaft seal yepompo.Khetha izinto ezinhle zokuvala kanye nesakhiwo sophawu esinengqondo ukuze unciphise ukuvuza kwe-shaft seal;Uma kukhethwa iphampu evikelekile kanye nephampu yophawu lokushayela kazibuthe, uphawu lwe-shaft ngeke luvuze emkhathini.
(6) Ukusebenza okuthembekile
Ukusebenza kwepompo yamakhemikhali kunokwethenjelwa, kufaka phakathi izici ezimbili: ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwehluleka nokusebenza okuzinzile kwemingcele ehlukahlukene.Ukusebenza okuthembekile kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali.Uma ipompo ngokuvamile ihluleka, ngeke ibangele ukuvala njalo, kuthinte izinzuzo zezomnotho, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangele izingozi zokuphepha ohlelweni lwamakhemikhali.Isibonelo, ipayipi likawoyela ongahluziwe wephampu elisetshenziswa njengesiphathimandla sokufudumeza siyama kungazelelwe lapho sisebenza, futhi isithando somlilo asinaso isikhathi sokucisha, okungase kubangele ishubhu lesithando somlilo lishise ngokweqile, noma liqhume, libangele umlilo.
Ukushintshashintsha kwesivinini sepompo embonini yamakhemikhali kuzodala ukuguquguquka kokugeleza nokucindezelwa kokuphuma kwepompo, ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kungakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, ukusabela ohlelweni kuyathinteka, futhi izinto azikwazi ukulinganisela, okuholela ekulahlekeni;Yenza ngisho nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo yehle noma ilahle.
Embonini edinga ukulungiswa kanye ngonyaka, umjikelezo wokusebenza oqhubekayo wephampu ngokuvamile akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-8000h.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sokulungisa kabusha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, i-API 610 kanye ne-GB/T 3215 ibeka ukuthi umjikelezo wokusebenza oqhubekayo wamaphampu angu-centrifugal wezimboni ze-petroleum, amakhemikhali asindayo kanye negesi yemvelo kufanele okungenani kube iminyaka emithathu.
(7) Ikwazi ukudlulisa uketshezi esimweni esibucayi
Uketshezi olusesimweni esibucayi luvame ukuhwamuka lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka noma ukucindezela kuncipha.Amaphampu amakhemikhali kwesinye isikhathi athutha uketshezi esimweni esibucayi.Uma uketshezi luhwamuka epompo, kulula ukubangela ukulimala kwe-cavitation, okudinga ukuthi iphampu ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-anti cavitation.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhwamuka koketshezi kungase kubangele ukungqubuzana nokuzibandakanya kwezingxenye eziguquguqukayo nezimile empompini, okudinga imvume enkulu.Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwe-mechanical seal, ukupakisha uphawu, uphawu lwe-labyrinth, njll. ngenxa yokungqubuzana okomile ngenxa ye-vaporization ye-liquid, ipompo yamakhemikhali enjalo kufanele ibe nesakhiwo sokuqeda ngokugcwele igesi ekhiqizwa epompo.
Kumaphampu adlulisa i-liquid medium ebalulekile, ukupakishwa kwe-shaft seal kungenziwa ngezinto ezinokusebenza okuhle kokuzigcoba, njenge-PTFE, i-graphite, njll. Ukuze isakhiwo se-shaft seal, ngaphezu kokupakisha uphawu, uphawu oluphindwe kabili lwe-mechanical noma i-labyrinth seal nazo zisetshenziswe.Lapho kwamukelwa uphawu oluphindwe kabili lwemishini, indawo ephakathi kobuso obubili igcwala uketshezi lokuvala lwangaphandle;Lapho kwamukelwa uphawu lwe-labyrinth, igesi yokuvala enomfutho othile ingafakwa ngaphandle.Uma uketshezi oluvalayo noma igesi yokuvala ivuzela empompini, kufanele ingabi yingozi endaweni empompayo, njengokuvuza emkhathini.Isibonelo, i-methanol ingasetshenziswa njengoketshezi oluvalayo emgodini we-double face mechanical seal lapho uthutha i-ammonia ewuketshezi esimweni esibucayi;
I-nitrogen ingafakwa ku-labyrinth seal lapho ithutha ama-hydrocarbon awuketshezi okulula ukuhwamuka.
(8) Impilo ende
Impilo yokuklama iphampu ngokuvamile okungenani iminyaka eyi-10.Ngokusho kwe-API610 kanye ne-GB/T3215, impilo yokuklama yamaphampu amaphakathi ezimboni ze-petroleum, amakhemikhali asindayo kanye negesi yemvelo izoba okungenani iminyaka engu-20.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-27-2022