1. Ukugeleza
Inani loketshezi olulethwa iphampu ngesikhathi seyunithi libizwa ngokuthi ukugeleza.Lingavezwa ngokugeleza kwevolumu qv, futhi iyunithi evamile yi-m3/s,m3/h noma i-L/s;Ingaphinda ivezwe ngokugeleza kwesisindo qm. , futhi iyunithi evamile ingu-kg/s noma i-kg/h.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokugeleza kwesisindo nokugeleza kwevolumu yilokhu:
qm=pqv
Lapho, p — ukuminyana koketshezi ezingeni lokushisa lokulethwa, kg/m ³.
Ngokuya ngezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizi, ukugeleza kwamaphampu amakhemikhali kungavezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ① Ukugeleza okujwayelekile kokusebenza ukugeleza okudingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe esikalini sakho ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.② Ukugeleza okuphezulu okudingekayo kanye nokugeleza okuncane okudingekayo Lapho izimo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali zishintsha, ubukhulu nobuncane bokugeleza kwepompo obudingekayo.
③ Ukugeleza okulinganiselwe kwepompo kuzonqunywa futhi kuqinisekiswe umenzi wephampu.Lokhu kugeleza kuzolingana noma okukhulu kunokugeleza okujwayelekile kokusebenza, futhi kuyonqunywa ngokucatshangelwa okuphelele kokugeleza okuphezulu nokuncane.Ngokuvamile, ukugeleza okulinganiselwe kwepompo kukhulu kunokugeleza okujwayelekile kokusebenza, noma ngisho nokulingana nokugeleza okuphezulu okudingekayo.
④ Ukugeleza okuphezulu okuvunyelwe Inani eliphakeme lokugeleza kwephampu elinqunywe umkhiqizi ngokuya ngokusebenza kwepompo ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lamandla esakhiwo namandla omshayeli.Lelivelu lokugeleza kufanele libe likhulu kunokugeleza okuphezulu okudingekayo.
⑤ Isilinganiso esincane sokugeleza esivumelekile Inani eliphansi lokugeleza kwepompo elinqunywa umenzi ngokuya ngokusebenza kwepompo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphampu ingakhipha uketshezi ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinzile, kanye nokuthi izinga lokushisa lepompo, ukudlidliza nomsindo kungaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile.Lelivelu lokugeleza kufanele libe ngaphansi kokugeleza okuncane okudingekayo.
2. Ukucindezela kokukhipha
Ingcindezi yokukhipha isho isamba samandla okucindezela (ku-MPa) oketshezi olulethiwe ngemva kokudlula epompo.Kuwuphawu olubalulekile lokuthi iphampu ingawuqeda yini umsebenzi wokudlulisa uketshezi.Ngamaphampu amakhemikhali, ukucindezela kokukhipha kungase kuthinte inqubekelaphambili evamile yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali.Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela kokukhishwa kwepompo yamakhemikhali kunqunywa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenqubo yamakhemikhali.
Ngokwezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizi, ukucindezela kokukhipha ikakhulukazi kunezindlela zokukhuluma ezilandelayo.
① Ingcindezi yokusebenza evamile, Ingcindezi yokukhipha iphampu edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza.
② Ukucindezela okukhulu kokukhipha, Lapho izimo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali zishintsha, ingcindezi yokukhipha iphampu edingwa yizimo zokusebenza ezingaba khona.
③Ingcindezi yokukhipha elinganiselwe, ingcindezi yokukhipha icaciswe futhi iqinisekiswe umenzi.Ingcindezi elinganiselwe yokukhipha izolingana noma ibe mkhulu kunomfutho ojwayelekile wokusebenza.Ngepompo ye-vane, ingcindezi yokukhipha izoba ukugeleza okuphezulu.
④ Ubukhulu bengcindezi yokukhipha evumelekile Umkhiqizi unquma ukucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe kokukhipha kwepompo ngokuya ngokusebenza kwepompo, amandla esakhiwo, amandla ashukumisayo ayinhloko, njll. Umkhawulo ophezulu wengcindezi yokukhipha ovumelekile uzoba mkhulu noma ulingane nobukhulu obudingekayo bokucindezela kokukhipha, kodwa izoba ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe kokusebenza kwezingxenye zokucindezela kwepompo.
3. Inhloko yamandla
Ikhanda lamandla (ikhanda noma ikhanda lamandla) lephampu ukukhuphuka kwamandla oketshezi lweyunithi yesisindo ukusuka endaweni yokungena yepompo (i-pump inlet flange) ukuya endaweni yepompo (i-pump outlet flange), okungukuthi, amandla asebenzayo atholwe ngemuva kwalokho. iyunithi mass liquid idlula iphampu λ Ivezwa ngo-J/kg.
Esikhathini esidlule, ohlelweni lweyunithi yobunjiniyela, ikhanda lalisetshenziselwa ukumela amandla asebenzayo atholwe uketshezi lweyunithi yesisindo ngemva kokudlula iphampu, eyayimelwe uphawu H, futhi iyunithi bekungu-kgf · m/kgf noma m. ikholomu ewuketshezi.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwekhanda lamandla h nekhanda H yilokhu:
h=Hg
Lapho, g – ukusheshiswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, inani lingu-9.81m/s ².
Inhloko iyipharamitha eyinhloko yokusebenza yepompo ye-vane.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda lithinta ngokuqondile ingcindezi yokukhishwa kwepompo ye-vane, lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu kumaphampu amakhemikhali.Ngokwezidingo zenqubo yamakhemikhali kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizi, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zihlongozwa ukuze kuphakame iphampu.
①Ikhanda lepompo elinqunywa ingcindezi yokukhipha kanye nengcindezi yokumunca yepompo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.
② Ikhanda eliphezulu elidingekayo liyinhloko yepompo lapho izimo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali zishintsha futhi ukucindezela okukhulu kokukhipha (ingcindezi yokudonsa ihlala ingashintshiwe) ingadingeka.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwephampu yekhemikhali ye-vane kuzoba ukuphakamisa ngaphansi kokugeleza okuphezulu okudingekayo ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali.
③ Ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kubhekisela ekuphakanyisweni kwepompo ye-vane ngaphansi kwedayamitha ye-impeller elinganiselwe, isivinini esilinganiselwe, ukuncela okulinganiselwe nokucindezela kokukhipha, okunqunywa futhi kuqinisekiswe umkhiqizi wephampu, futhi inani lokuphakamisa lizolingana noma libe likhulu kunelifti evamile yokusebenza.Ngokuvamile, inani layo lilingana nokuphakama okuphezulu okudingekayo.
④ Vala ikhanda lephampu ye-vane lapho ukugeleza kunguziro.Isho umkhawulo ophezulu wokuphakamisa wepompo ye-vane.Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi yokukhipha ngaphansi kwalokhu kuphakamisa inquma ingcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu evumelekile yezingxenye ezithwala ingcindezi ezifana nomzimba wepompo.
Ikhanda lamandla (ikhanda) lepompo liwuphawu olubalulekile lwepharamitha yepompo.Umkhiqizi wepompo uzohlinzeka ngejika lekhanda lamandla okugeleza (ikhanda) ngokugeleza kwepompo njengokuguquguquka okuzimele.
4. Ingcindezi yokudonsa
Isho ingcindezi yoketshezi olulethiwe olungena empompini, olunqunywa izimo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali.Ukucindezela kokumunca kwepompo kufanele kube kukhulu kunokucindezela komhwamuko ogcwele uketshezi oluzophonswa ezingeni lokushisa lokumpompa.Uma iphansi kunokucindezela komhwamuko ogcwele, iphampu izokhiqiza i-cavitation.
Ngepompo ye-vane, ngoba ikhanda layo lamandla (ikhanda) lincike kububanzi be-impeller nesivinini sepompo, lapho ingcindezi yokuncela ishintsha, ingcindezi yokukhipha yepompo ye-vane izoshintsha ngokufanele.Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi yokudonsa yephampu ye-vane ngeke idlule inani layo eliphezulu elivumelekile lokucindezela ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo odalwe yiphampu yokukhipha ingcindezi edlula ingcindezi enkulu evunyelwe yokukhipha.
Ngepompo elihle lokufuduka, ngoba ingcindezi yokukhishwa kwayo incike ekucindezelweni kwesistimu yokuphela kokukhishwa kwepompo, lapho ingcindezi yokudonsa ipompo ishintsha, umehluko wengcindezi wepompo elihle lokufuduka uzoshintsha, futhi amandla adingekayo azoshintsha.Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi yokumunca yephampu enyakazayo ayikwazi ukuba phansi kakhulu ukuze igweme ukugcwala ngokweqile ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wengcindezi yepompo.
Ingcindezi yokumunca elinganiselwe yepompo imakwe ku-nameplate yepompo ukuze kulawulwe ukucindezela kokumunca kwepompo.
5. Amandla nokusebenza kahle
Amandla wepompo ngokuvamile abhekisela emandleni okufaka, okungukuthi, amandla e-shaft adluliswa ukusuka kusihambisi esiyinhloko ukuya ku-shaft ejikelezayo, evezwe ngezimpawu, futhi iyunithi ingu-W noma i-KW.
Amandla okukhipha iphampu, okungukuthi, amandla atholwe uketshezi ngesikhathi seyunithi, abizwa ngokuthi amandla asebenzayo P. P=qmh=pgqvH
Lapho, P - amandla asebenzayo, W;
I-Qm - ukugeleza kwesisindo, kg/s;Qv - ukugeleza kwevolumu, m³/s.
Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuhlukahlukene kwepompo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, akunakwenzeka ukuguqula konke okokufaka kwamandla omshayeli kusebenze kahle uketshezi.Umehluko phakathi kwamandla e-shaft namandla asebenzayo amandla alahlekile wepompo, akalwa ngamandla asebenzayo epompo, futhi inani lawo lilingana ne-P ephumelelayo.
Isilinganiso sesilinganiso namandla we-shaft, okungukuthi: (1-4)
Isidumbu P.
Ukusebenza kahle kwepompo kuphinde kubonise izinga lapho ukufakwa kwamandla we-shaft ngepompo kusetshenziswa uketshezi.
6. Isivinini
Inombolo yama-revolutions ngomzuzu we-pump shaft ibizwa ngokuthi isivinini, esivezwa ngophawu n, futhi iyunithi ithi r/min.Kuhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe olujwayelekile lwamayunithi (iyunithi yesivinini ku-St ngu-s-1, okungukuthi, i-Hz. Isivinini esilinganiselwe sepompo isivinini lapho iphampu ifinyelela khona ukugeleza okulinganiselwe kanye nekhanda elilinganiselwe ngaphansi kosayizi olinganiselwe (njengalokhu. njengobubanzi be-impeller yepompo ye-vane, ububanzi be-plunger bepompo ephindaphindayo, njll.).
Uma isivinini esigxilile esinyakazayo (njengenjini) sisetshenziswa ukushayela ngqo iphampu ye-vane, isivinini esilinganiselwe sepompo siyafana nesivinini esikaliwe sesihambisi esiyinhloko.
Uma iqhutshwa umhambisi oyinhloko onejubane eliguquguqukayo, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphampu ifinyelela ukugeleza okulinganiselwe kanye nekhanda elilinganiselwe ngesivinini esilinganiselwe, futhi ingasebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside ku-105% wejubane elilinganiselwe.Lesi sivinini sibizwa ngesivinini esiphezulu esiqhubekayo.Isivinini esilungisekayo esishukumisayo sizoba nendlela yokuvala shaqa esheshayo esheshayo.Isivinini sokuvala okuzenzakalelayo singu-120% wejubane elilinganiselwe lephampu.Ngakho-ke, ipompo iyadingeka ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ku-120% wejubane layo elilinganiselwe isikhathi esifushane.
Emkhiqizweni wamakhemikhali, i-variable speed prime mover isetshenziselwa ukushayela iphampu ye-vane, elula ukushintsha isimo sokusebenza sepompo ngokushintsha isivinini sepompo, ukuze ivumelane nokushintsha kwezimo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.Nokho, ukusebenza kwephampu kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezingenhla.
Ijubane elijikelezayo lephampu yokufuduka elungile liphansi (ijubane elijikelezayo lepompo eliphindaphindayo ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-200r/min; isivinini esijikelezayo sepompo yerotor singaphansi kuka-1500r/min), ngakho-ke umhambisi oyinhloko onejubane elijikelezayo elingaguquki uvame ukusetshenziswa.Ngemva kokuncishiswa yi-reducer, isivinini sokusebenza sepompo singafinyelelwa, futhi isivinini sepompo singashintshwa ngokusebenzisa umbusi wejubane (njenge-hydraulic torque converter) noma ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhemikhali. izimo zokukhiqiza.
7. I-NPSH
Ukuze uvimbele i-cavitation yepompo, inani lamandla engeziwe (ingcindezi) elengezwe ngesisekelo samandla (ukucindezela) inani le-liquid eliphefumulayo libizwa ngokuthi i-cavitation allowance.
Emayunithi okukhiqiza amakhemikhali, ukuphakama koketshezi ekugcineni kokumunca kwepompo kuvame ukukhuphuka, okungukuthi, ukucindezela okumile kwekholomu ye-liquid kusetshenziswa njengamandla engeziwe (ingcindezi), futhi iyunithi iyikholomu ye-liquid yamamitha.Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-NPSH: i-NPSH edingekayo kanye ne-NPSHa esebenzayo.
(1) I-NPSH iyadingeka,
Empeleni, ukwehla kwengcindezi yoketshezi olulethiwe ngemva kokudlula endaweni yokungena yepompo, futhi inani layo linqunywa iphampu ngokwayo.Inani elincane liwukuthi, kuncane ukulahlekelwa kokumelana kwe-pump inlet.Ngakho-ke, i-NPSH inani elincane le-NPSH.Lapho ukhetha amaphampu amakhemikhali, i-NPSH yepompo kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zezici zoketshezi okufanele zilethwe kanye nezimo zokufakwa kwepompo.I-NPSH futhi iyisimo esibalulekile sokuthenga lapho uyala amaphampu amakhemikhali.
(2) I-NPSH esebenzayo.
Ibonisa i-NPSH yangempela ngemva kokufakwa kwephampu.Leli nani linqunywa izimo zokufakwa kwepompo futhi alihlangene nepompo ngokwayo
I-NPSH.Inani kufanele libe likhulu kune-NPSH -.Ngokuvamile i-NPSH.≥ (NPSH＋0.5m)
8. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi
Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi libhekisela ekushiseni koketshezi oludluliswayo.Ukushisa kwezinto eziwuketshezi ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali kungafinyelela - 200 ℃ ekushiseni okuphansi kanye no-500 ℃ ekushiseni okuphezulu.Ngakho-ke, ithonya lokushisa eliphakathi kwamaphampu amakhemikhali livelele kakhulu kunamaphampu ajwayelekile, futhi kungenye yemingcele ebalulekile yamaphampu amakhemikhali.Ukuguqulwa kokugeleza kwenqwaba kanye nokugeleza kwevolumu yamaphampu amakhemikhali, ukuguqulwa kokucindezela okuhlukile kanye nekhanda, ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kwepompo lapho umenzi wepompo enza izivivinyo zokusebenza ngamanzi ahlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi ehambisa izinto zangempela, futhi ukubalwa kwe-NPSH kumele kuhilele. amapharamitha aphathekayo afana nokuminyana, i-viscosity, ukucindezela komhwamuko ogcwele kwendawo ephakathi.Lawa mapharamitha ashintsha nezinga lokushisa.Kuphela ngokubala ngamavelu anembile ezingeni lokushisa kungatholwa imiphumela elungile.Ezingxenyeni ezithwala ingcindezi ezifana nomzimba wepompo wephampu yamakhemikhali, inani lokucindezela lempahla yayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi kuzonqunywa ngokuya ngengcindezi nezinga lokushisa.Ukubola koketshezi olulethiwe nakho kuhlobene nezinga lokushisa, futhi impahla yepompo kufanele inqunywe ngokuya ngokubola kwepompo ezingeni lokushisa lokusebenza.Isakhiwo kanye nendlela yokufaka yamaphampu iyahlukahluka ngokushisa.Kumaphampu asetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi, ithonya lokucindezeleka lokushisa kanye noshintsho lokushisa (ukusebenza kwepompo nokuvala) ekunembeni kokufaka kufanele kuncishiswe futhi kususwe esakhiweni, indlela yokufaka nezinye izici.Isakhiwo kanye nokukhethwa kwempahla ye-pump shaft seal kanye nokuthi idivayisi eyisilekeleli ye-shaft seal nayo iyadingeka yini kuyonqunywa ngokucabangela izinga lokushisa lepompo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-27-2022